How did the Italian renaissance garden
differ from previous gardens and revolutionize new garden artistry around Europe?
Previous garden
form of medieval times was inwardly focused, and self-contained as the
structures surrounding the gardens were very defensive. However, the
renaissance altered this design. Alberti’s De Re Aedificatoria argued that the
villa should be looked at and a place to look from. In other words, the house
should be above the garden. This led to a new garden form that were laid out in
a geometric divisions joined by a common axis with axial unity around the
villas.
Furthermore, the
renaissance sparked this concept of a third nature, as gardens become an
expression of human art and the divinely created natural world.
One excellent example of an Italian
Renaissance Garden is Villa d’este. Villa d’este combines elements of axial
alignment, water features and terraces as an excellent show of power.
The Italian
Renaissance had a pan-European influence. When the King of France Charles VIII
invaded the Kingdom of Naples, he returned to France along with artists,
artists, philosophers, and others. This movement of Renaissance inspired
thinkers helped start the Northern Renaissance. In France, the gardens were
still inward looking and defensive fortresses, however, they began to incorporate
Italian renaissance ideas, such as axial symmetry and trellises, and even develop
their own ideas. The French developed the potager, which is an ornamental
vegetable garden. One example of a French renaissance garden is the Chateau de
Blois, which includes trellises, knot gardens, and axial symmetry.
In England, the
northern renaissance had a profound impact upon their gardening, especially as
Henry VIII introduced power gardening. The English really enhanced their
gardens with new features, such as railed beds, grass plats, kings beasts, knot
gardens, and mounts. Mounts served an extremely important purpose as they were
a mound of earth that one could walk to the top of and properly observe the
rest of the garden from above – and eat their dessert. An example of an English
renaissance garden is Hampton Court Palace.
Overall, the
Italian renaissance led to more expensive, outward looking, and powerful
gardens that incorporated new and stunning features.
A link that
incorporates these ideas well is: http://www.poderesantapia.com/gardens/italianrenaissancegarden.htm
photos:
Hampton Court Palace
source: http://www.palacehalf.com/wp-content/uploads/2014/08/2506964_e0eb5b3f.jpg
Chateau de Blois
source: https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Gardens_of_the_French_Renaissance
Villa d'este
source: http://www.italia.it/en/travel-ideas/unesco-world-heritage-sites/villa-deste-a-triumph-of-the-baroque.html



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